12. Investment Property

The Group's investment property does not include certain investment properties of the Company, which are leased to Group subsidiaries, and as a result, are transferred to property, plant and equipment at Group level. Investment property is measured at fair value by an external, independent, certified valuator, member of the institute of the certified valuators and certified from the European Group of Valuers' Associations (TEGoVA).

(all amounts in Euro thousands) Group Company
2013 2012 2013 2012
Opening balance 8.546 9.804 11.959 11.312
Additions - 98 - -
Net (loss)/gain from measurement at fair value -626 620 -683 -226
Transfer from own-used property after revaluation 1.780 873 882 873
Transfer from/to property, plant and equipment (note 11) 3.520 -2.849 1.815 -
Ending balance 13.220 8.546 13.973 11.959


Group Company
2013 2012 2013 2012
Rental income derived from investment property 193 119 53 55
Direct operating expenses (including repair and maintenance)
that did not generate rental income
-22 -151 -21 -151
Net profit/(loss) arising from investment properties
carried at fair value
171 -32 32 -96


The fair value of investment property that is located in urban areas, was estimated in accordance with the current market values of similar properties. The fair value of land located in rural areas as well as quarries, was estimated based on local valuations.